October 30

October 30 is the birthdate of John Adams, a Founding Father, second President of the United States and previously the first Vice President in George Washington’s two terms. During his single term Adams endured vicious attacks by the Jeffersonian Republicans and the dominant faction in his own Federalist Party led by Alexander Hamilton, a bitter enemy. When he was defeated by Thomas Jefferson in 1800, he retired to his home, Peacefield (pictured), in Quincy, Massachusetts. The house, which dates back to 1731, was bought by John and Abigail Adams in 1787. During John’s long absences (spanning 12 years), Abigail managed the house and greatly expanded it, adding what is now the right side of the front facade, with a fine hallway and large parlor on the ground floor and a large study above.